TENSES : PRESENT TENSE

Assalamualaikum wr. wb
Hello friends, it's been a long time since I sent my writing, but this time I would like to share about material talking about TENSES especially for PRESENT TENSE. I just explain about 2 tenses here, they're SIMPLE PRESENT and PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 
So, I will use English in this post. Let's begin!

Tenses are a form of verb change in grammar that shows an event that corresponds to the time or event.

There are 2 types of sentences in English, namely nominal sentences (predicate not using VERB) verbal sentences (predicate using VERB). So, in an English sentence if the sentence already uses To Be, then there is no Verb and vice versa if the sentence already uses Verb, then there is no ToBe in it.

1.SIMPLE PRESENT

> Use of SIMPLE PRESENT
- To state events that occur repeatedly or are habits that are still carried out
- To state something that has become a general truth
- To declare an order or request
- To state the activities that have been scheduled in the future

A. Verbal Sentence

Formula :
(+) S + V1 + s/es + O
(-) S + Do/Does + Not +V1 + O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O
(-?) Don't/Doesn't + S + V1 + O

Example :
(+) I play badminton every week
(-) I don't play badminton every week
(?) Do I play badminton every week?
(-?) Don't I play badminton every week?

B. Nominal Sentence

(+) S + To Be (is, am, are) + 3C
(-) S + To Be (is, am, are) + Not + 3C
(?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + 3C
(-?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + 3C

Example :
(+) They are in the canteen
(-) They are not in the canteen
(?) Are they in the canteen?
(-?) Are they not (Aren't they) in the canteen?

> 3C ( Three Compliment) or ANA :
   1. Adjective ( Kata sifat)
   2. Noun (Kata benda)
   3. Adverb (Kata keterangan)

> Addition s/es
S : for all verb that don't end ss, sh, x, ch, o. So for a single third person (she, he, it) must add S.

Es : when meeting a verb with suffix ss, sh, x, ch, o, y.

> I, You, They, We : Do
> She, He, It : Does

> Time signal : everyday, every week, often, always, sometimes, usually, once, twice, etc.

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

>Use of PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- To declare an ongoing event in the present
- To declare a temporary event

A. Verbal Sentence

(+) S + To Be (is, am, are) +Ving + O
(-) S + To Be (is, am, are) + Not + Ving + O
(?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + Ving + O
(-?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + Ving + O

Example :
(+) I am reading a book now
(-) I am not reading a book now
(?) Am I reading a book now?
(-?) Am I not (Ain't) reading a book now?

B. Nominal Sentence
(+) S + To Be (is, am, are) + 3C
(-) S + To Be (is, am, are) + Not + 3C
(?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + 3C
(-?) To Be (is, am, are) + S + Not + 3C

Example :
(+) She is happy
(-) She is not happy
(?) Is she happy?
(-?) Is she not (isn't she) happy?

> Time Signal : Now, at present, this moment, this time, today, right now, etc.

Okay, I think enough for this post. Next week insyaallah I will share to you about the other tenses. Hopefully this article will be useful and thank you for those who read it. Really apologize if there any mistake in my writing.I expect supporting critic and suggestion from readers. See you in the next post! ;)

Wassalammualaikum wr.wb